Top Selenium Interview Questions and Answers

Mostly Asked Selenium Interview Questions

Selenium is a widely used automation testing tool for web applications. If you're preparing for an interview, here are some of the most commonly asked Selenium questions and their answers to help you ace it.

1. What is Selenium?

Selenium is an open-source automation testing tool designed for web application testing. It supports multiple programming languages such as Java, Python, and C#.

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2. Explain different Selenium components.

Selenium consists of three main components:

• Selenium WebDriver: A web automation framework that interacts with web elements.
• Selenium IDE: A browser extension for recording and playback of test cases.
• Selenium Grid: Used for parallel test execution across different machines and browsers.

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3. What is Selenium WebDriver?

Selenium WebDriver is a web automation framework that allows developers to write scripts to perform actions such as clicking, typing, or verifying elements on a webpage.

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4. How do you locate elements in Selenium WebDriver?

Elements can be located using the following methods:

• ID
• Name
• XPath
• CSS Selectors
• Class Name
• Tag Name
• Link Text and Partial Link Text

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5. What is the difference between findElement() and findElements() in Selenium?

• findElement() : Identifies a single element on a webpage and returns the first matching element.
• findElements() : Identifies multiple elements and returns a list of all matching elements.

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6. What is a WebElement in Selenium?

A WebElement represents an HTML element on a web page and provides methods to perform actions such as click, send keys, or retrieve properties like text and attributes.

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7. Explain the difference between Implicit Wait and Explicit Wait.

• Implicit Wait: Applies a global timeout to locate elements. Once set, it applies to all elements in the script.
• Explicit Wait: Applies a custom timeout to specific elements, allowing for more precise synchronization.

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8. What is the Page Object Model (POM) in Selenium?

The Page Object Model is a design pattern that creates an object repository for web elements. POM enhances code readability, reduces duplication, and improves test maintenance.

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9. How do you handle pop-up windows in Selenium?

Pop-up windows can be handled using Selenium’s switchTo() method, which enables interaction with alerts, frames, and new browser windows.

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10. What is TestNG, and why is it used in Selenium?

TestNG is a testing framework used with Selenium to manage test configurations, execute tests in parallel, and generate detailed test reports.

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11. Explain the difference between driver.get() and driver.navigate().to().

• driver.get() : Loads a new web page and waits for it to load completely.
• driver.navigate().to() : Similar to get(), but also supports navigation within browser history (forward and backward).

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12. How can you simulate mouse actions in Selenium?

Selenium’s Actions class allows simulation of mouse actions such as:

• Click
• Double Click
• Right Click (Context Click)
• Drag and Drop

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13. What is the purpose of Selenium Grid?

Selenium Grid enables parallel execution of test cases on multiple machines and browsers, significantly reducing test execution time.

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14. Explain the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit().

• driver.close() : Closes the current browser window.
• driver.quit() : Closes all browser windows and ends the WebDriver session.

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15. What is Apache POI?

Apache POI is a Java library that allows interaction with Microsoft Excel sheets. It is commonly used in Selenium to read and write test data.

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Examples:

Example 1: Handling an Alert Pop-up

Alert alert = driver.switchTo( ).alert();

System.out.println(alert. getText()); // Print alert text

alert.accept(); // Click OK

Example 2: Using Page Object Model (POM)

public class LoginPage {

WebDriver driver;

@FindBy(id = "username")

WebElement username;

@FindBy(id = "password")

WebElement password;

@FindBy(id = "loginButton")

WebElement loginButton;

public void login(String user, String pass) {

username.sendKeys(user);

password.sendKeys(pass);

loginButton.click();

}

}

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Conclusion:

These Selenium interview questions cover foundational concepts, tools, and best practices for automation testing. Familiarize yourself with these topics and examples to confidently tackle your next interview.